Consonants
|
---|
IPA |
Nagari[1] |
IAST |
English equivalent
|
---|
b
|
ब |
b |
abash
| bʱ
|
भ |
bh |
abhor
| c
|
च |
c |
catch
| cʰ
|
छ |
ch |
choose
| d̪
|
द |
d |
ado
| d̪ʱ
|
ध |
dh |
adhere
| ɖ
|
ड |
ḍ |
guard
| ɖʱ
|
ढ |
ḍh |
guardhouse
| ɡ
|
ग |
g |
agate
| ɡʱ
|
घ |
gh |
pigheaded
| h
|
ः |
ḥ |
head
| ɦ
|
ह |
h |
ahead
| j
|
य |
y |
yak
| ɟ
|
ज |
j |
hedge
| ɟʱ
|
झ |
jh |
hedgehog
| k
|
क |
k |
scan
| kʰ
|
ख |
kh |
can
| l
|
ल |
l |
leaf
| m
|
म |
m |
much [2] | n̪
|
न |
n |
not [2] | ɳ
|
ण |
ṇ |
burner [2] | ɲ
|
ञ |
ñ |
canyon [2] | ŋ
|
ङ |
ṅ |
bank [2] | p
|
प |
p |
span
| pʰ
|
फ |
ph |
phone
| r
|
र |
r |
| s̪
|
स |
s |
sue
| ʂ
|
ष |
ṣ |
worship
| ɕ
|
श |
ś |
shoe
| t̪
|
त |
t |
stable
| t̪ʰ
|
थ |
th |
table
| ʈ
|
ट |
ṭ |
art
| ʈʰ
|
ठ |
ṭh |
art-historian
| ʋ
|
व |
v |
between ‹w› and ‹v›
|
|
Vowels [2][3] |
---|
IPA |
Nagari[1] |
IAST |
English equivalent
|
---|
ə
|
अ, प |
a |
nut
| ɑː
|
आ, पा |
ā |
bra
| eː
|
ए, पे |
e |
between yell and Yale
| i
|
इ, पि |
i |
happy
| iː
|
ई, पी |
ī |
feet
| l̩
|
ऌ, पॢ |
ḷ |
Syllabic ‹l›: bottle
| l̩ː
|
ॡ, पॣ |
ḹ |
Long syllabic ‹l›
| oː
|
ओ, पो |
o |
old
| r̩
|
ऋ, पृ |
ṛ |
Syllabic ‹r›: better
| r̩ː
|
ॠ, पॄ |
ṝ |
Long syllabic ‹r›: bird
| u
|
उ, पु |
u |
look
| uː
|
ऊ, पू |
ū |
loot
| əi
|
ऐ, पै |
ai |
| əu
|
औ, पौ |
au |
|
Other symbols
|
---|
IPA |
Nagari[1] |
IAST |
English equivalent
|
---|
̃
|
ँ |
ṃ |
nasal vowel ([ãː], [õː], etc.) [2] | ˈ
|
|
|
stress (placed before stressed syllable)
|
|