Mangalgrah (pratiik: ♂, Mars) Solar System me Suraj se dur chhota planet hae. English me iska naam, Mars, Roman ke yudh karne waala bhagwaan ke naam se aisa hae kyoki iska rang laal hae joki khuun ka rang hae.

Mars ♂
The planet Mars
The planet Mars
Mars as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch J2000
Aphelion 249,209,300 km

1.665 861 AU

Perihelion 206,669,000 km

1.381 497 AU

Semi-major axis 227,939,100 km

1.523 679 AU

Eccentricity 0.093 315
Orbital period 686.971 day

1.8808 Julian years
668.5991 sols

Synodic period 779.96 day

2.135 Julian years

Average orbital speed 24.077 km/s
Inclination 1.850° to ecliptic
5.65° to Sun's equator
1.67° to invariable plane[2]
Longitude of ascending node 49.562°
Argument of perihelion 286.537°
Satellites 2
Physical characteristics
Equatorial radius 3,396.2 ± 0.1 km[a][3]

0.533 Earths

Polar radius 3,376.2 ± 0.1 km[a][3]

0.531 Earths

Flattening 0.005 89 ± 0.000 15
Surface area 144,798,500 km²

0.284 Earths

Volume 1.6318×1011 km³

0.151 Earths

Mass 6.4185×1023 kg

0.107 Earths

Mean density 3.934 g/cm³
Equatorial surface gravity 3.69 m/s²

0.376 g

Escape velocity 5.027 km/s
Sidereal rotation period 1.025 957 day
24.622 96 h[4]
Rotation velocity at equator 868.22 km/h (241.17 m/s)
Axial tilt 25.19°
Right ascension of North pole 21 h 10 min 44 s

317.681 43°

Declination of North pole 52.886 50°
Albedo 0.15 (geometric) or 0.25 (bond)
Surface temperature:
   Kelvin
   Celsius
min mean max
186 K 227 K 268 K[4]
−87 °C −46 °C −5 °C
Apparent magnitude +1.8 to −2.91
Angular size 3.5—25.1"
Adjectives Martian
Atmosphere
Surface pressure 0.6–1.0 kPa
Composition 95.72% Carbon dioxide

2.7% Nitrogen
1.6% Argon
0.2% Oxygen
0.07% Carbon monoxide
0.03% Water vapor
0.01% Nitric oxide
2.5 ppm Neon
300 ppb Krypton
130 ppb Formaldehyde
80 ppb Xenon
30 ppb Ozone
10 ppb Methane

Mangalgrah ka jaankari

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Surface with rocks everywhere photographed by Mars Pathfinder

Mars ke lage hue chhota chhota chandrama hai, jiske naam Phobos aur Deimos he. Is planet me jaada kar ke patthar he. Iski matti laal he kahe ki hian pagal ho gaye hai pe dher iron oxide (murcha) hae.[5] Ii planet me thorra se carbon dioxide ke atmosphere hae. Mangalgrah ke temperature dunia se aur jaada thanda hae, kahe ki ii Suraj se aur duur har. Mangalgrah ke north aur south pole me ice aur frozen carbon dioxide hae. Mars me paani nai hae, poles ke alawa, lekin scientist log ii soche hae ki hian pe pahile paani rahaa.

Mangalgrah ka Itihaas

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Mangalgrah ke baare me pichhle kai varso se jaana jata hae. Greek log is planet ko Ares khte the , lekin jab Roman log raj karne lage tab ve log iske naam ko badal kr Mars ka nam de diya.

Ii planet ke chapa banae me pahila kaam Giovanni Schiaparelli karis rahaa. Ii jon kuchh aapan duurbin se dekhis rahaa uske confuse kar diis kahe ki uu canal ke jiske paani ke khatir khoda gias rahaa, ke dekhis. Iske kaaran log ii soche lagin ki Mangalgrah me janwar aur alien rahe hae. Aajkal ii planet me rocket bheje ke kaaran ham log ii jantaa hae ki ii planet me koi janwar nai hae.

References

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  1. Yeomans, Donald K. (2006-07-13). "HORIZONS System". NASA JPL. Retrieved 2007-08-08.—At the site, go to the "web interface" then select "Ephemeris Type: ELEMENTS", "Target Body: Mars" and "Center: Sun".
  2. "The MeanPlane (Invariable plane) of the Solar System passing through the barycenter". 2009-04-03. Archived from the original on 2009-04-20. Retrieved 2009-04-10. (produced with Solex 10 written by Aldo Vitagliano; see also invariable plane)
  3. 3.0 3.1 Seidelmann, P. Kenneth; Archinal, B. A.; A'hearn, M. F.; et al. (2007). "Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements: 2006". Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 98 (3): 155–180. doi:10.1007/s10569-007-9072-y. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/doi/10.1007/s10569-007-9072-y. Retrieved 2007-08-28.
  4. 4.0 4.1 "Mars: Facts & Figures". NASA. Retrieved 2007-03-06.
  5. "NASA Mars Page". Volcanology of Mars (Retrieved via the Internet Archive). Retrieved 2009-05-13.

Dusre websites

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