10:05, 5 Juun 2011 ke badlao badlao Girmitya (Baat \| yogdaan) Sysops 13,044 edits m Korean language ke naam badal ke Korean bhasa kar dewa gae hai ← Purana badlao		10:25, 5 Juun 2011 ke badlao badlao Pahile jaise kar do Girmitya (Baat \| yogdaan) Sysops 13,044 edits No edit summary Nawaa badlao →
Rekha 1: [[Image:Map of Korean language.png\|center\|300px\|Des jisme Korean bhasa waala log rahe hae]] ~~'''{{PAGENAME}}''' ek bhasa hai.~~ '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ek bhasa hae jon ki duuno [[North Korea]] aur [[South Korea]] ke official bhasa hae. Ii [[People's Republic of China]] ke [[Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture]] ke official bhasa bhi hae. Dunia bhar me 78 million log Korean bhasa me baaat kare hae. . In the 15th century, a national writing system was commissioned by [[Sejong the Great]], the system being currently called [[Hangul]]. Prior to the development of Hangul, Koreans had used [[Hanja]] and phonetic systems like [[Hyangchal]], [[Gugyeol]] and [[Idu script\|Idu]] extensively for over a millennium. The genealogical [[#Classification\|classification]] of the Korean language is debated by a small number of linguists. Most classify it as a [[language isolate]]<ref>Song, Jae Jung (2005) [http://books.google.com/books?id=rIk52cJ1vDEC&pg=PA15&dq=Korean+%22Language+isolate%22&ei=_JVSS8LtGI6szASz-r36Cw&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Korean%20%22Language%20isolate%22&f=false "The Korean language: structure, use and context"] Routledge, p. 15<br>Lyle Campbell & Mauricio Mixco. 2007. ''A Glossary of Historical Linguistics''. University of Utah Press. ("Korean, A language isolate", pg. 90; "Korean is often said to belong with the Altaic hypothesis, often also with Japanese, though this is not widely supported," pp. 90-91; "...most specialists...no longer believe that the...Altaic groups...are related," pg. 7)<br>David Dalby. 1999/2000. ''The Linguasphere Register of the World's Languages and Speech Communities''. Linguasphere Press.<br>Nam-Kil Kim. 1992. "Korean," ''International Encyclopedia of Linguistics''. Volume 2, pp. 282-286. ("...scholars have tried to establish genetic relationships between Korean and other languages and major language families, but with little success," pg. 282)<br>András Róna-Tas. 1998. "The Reconstruction of Proto-Turkic and the Genetic Question," ''The Turkic Languages''. Routledge. Pp. 67-80. ("[Ramstedt's comparisons of Korean and Altaic] have been heavily criticised in more recent studies, though the idea of a genetic relationship has not been totally abandoned," pg. 77.)<br>Claus Schönig. 2003. "Turko-Mongolic Relations," ''The Mongolic Languages''. Routledge. Pp. 403-419. ("...the 'Altaic' languages do not seem to share a common basic vocabulary of the type normally present in cases of genetic relationship," pg. 403)</ref> while a few consider it to be in the [[Altaic languages\|Altaic]] language family.<ref>Stratification in the peopling of China: how far does the linguistic evidence match genetics and archaeology? In; Sanchez-Mazas, Blench, Ross, Lin & Pejros eds. Human migrations in continental East Asia and Taiwan: genetic, linguistic and archaeological evidence. 2008. Taylor & Francis</ref> The Korean language is [[Agglutinative language\|agglutinative]] in its morphology and [[Subject Object Verb\|SOV]] in its [[syntax]]. ==Names== The Korean names for the language are based on the [[Names of Korea\|names for Korea]] used in North and South Korea. In South Korea, the language is most often called ''Hangungmal'' <!-- --> <!-- ATTENTION! --> <!-- To our very passionate users who tend to change "Hangungmal" to "Hangugmal" / "Hangukmal", the correct one is indeed [[Media:"HanguNGmal]]", yes, with the "ng" and not just "g", which is due to consonant assimilation by the following consonant "m". Please REFRAIN from changing it to "Hangugmal"! Additionally, Korean is not like Chinese or Japanese, where Xi'an is different from Xian / an'i is ''different from ani, so please do not put apostrophes between characters in their transliterations. Hyphens'' may be used for disambiguation, but should not be used for anything else. --> <!-- --> <!-- --> ({{lang\|ko\|[[wikt:한국말\|한국말]]}}; {{lang\|ko\|韓國말}}), or more formally, ''Hangugeo'' ({{lang\|ko\|[[wikt:한국어\|한국어]]}}; {{lang\|ko\|韓國語}}) or ''Gugeo'' ({{lang\|ko\|[[wikt:국어\|국어]]}}; {{lang\|ko\|國語}}; literally "national language"). In North Korea and Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in China, the language is most often called ''Chosŏnmal'' ({{lang\|ko\|[[wikt:조선말\|조선말]]}}; with [[hanja]]: {{lang\|ko\|朝鮮말}}), or more formally, ''Chosŏnŏ'' ({{lang\|ko\|[[wikt:조선어\|조선어]]}}; {{lang\|ko\|朝鮮語}}). On the other hand, Korean people in the [[Post-Soviet states\|former USSR]], who refer to themselves as [[Koryo-saram]] (고려사람; also ''Goryeoin'' [{{lang\|ko\|고려인}}; {{lang\|ko\|高麗人}}; literally, "[[Names of Korea#Goryeo\|Goryeo]] person(s)"]) call the language ''[[Koryo-mar\|Goryeomal]]'' ({{lang\|ko\|고려말}}; {{lang\|ko\|高麗말}}). In [[mainland China]], following the establishment of diplomatic relations with South Korea in 1992, the term ''Cháoxiǎnyǔ'' ({{lang\|zh\|朝鲜语}} or the short form: ''Cháoyǔ'' ({{lang\|zh\|朝语}})) has normally been used to refer to the standard language of North Korea and Yanbian, while ''Hánguóyǔ'' ({{lang\|zh\|韩国语}} or the short form: ''Hányǔ'' ({{lang\|zh\|韩语}})) is used to refer to the standard language of South Korea. Some older English sources also used the name "Korean" to refer to the language, country, and people. The word "Korean" is derived from [[Goryeo]], which is thought to be the first dynasty known to western countries. ==Classification== Since the publication of the article of [[Gustaf John Ramstedt\|Ramstedt]] in 1928, some linguists<ref>eg Miller 1971, 1996, Starostin et al. 2003</ref> support the hypothesis that Korean can be classified as an [[Altaic languages\|Altaic]] language or as a relative of proto-Altaic. Korean is similar to the Altaic languages in that they both lack certain grammatical elements, including [[Article (grammar)\|articles]], fusional morphology and [[relative pronoun]]s. However, linguists agree today on the fact that typological resemblances cannot be used to prove genetic relatedness of languages<ref>eg Vovin 2008: 1</ref> as these features are typologically connected and [[areal feature\|easily borrowed]].<ref>Trask 1996: 147-151</ref> Such factors of typological divergence as Middle Mongolian's exhibition of gender agreement<ref>Rybatzki 2003: 57</ref> can be used to argue that a genetic relationship is unlikely.<ref>Vovin 2008: 5</ref> The hypothesis that ancient Korean might be related to [[Japanese language\|Japanese]] has had some supporters due to some apparent overlap in vocabulary and similar grammatical features that have been elaborated upon by such researchers as [[Samuel Martin (linguist)\|Samuel E. Martin]]<ref>eg Martin 1966, 1990</ref> and [[Roy Andrew Miller]].<ref>eg Miller 1971, 1996</ref> [[Sergei Starostin]] (1991) found about 25% of potential cognates in the Japanese-Korean 100-word [[Swadesh list]], which—if valid—would place these two languages closer together than other possible members of the Altaic family.<ref>{{cite paper\|title=Altaiskaya problema i proishozhdeniye yaponskogo yazika (The Altaic Problem and the Origins of the Japanese Language)\|url=http://www.alib.ru/findp.php4?author=%D1%F2%E0%F0%EE%F1%F2%E8%ED&title=%C0%EB%F2%E0%E9%F1%EA%E0%FF+%EF%F0%EE%E1%EB%E5%EC%E0+%E8+%EF%F0%EE%E8%F1%F5%EE%E6%E4%E5%ED%E8%E5+%FF%EF%EE%ED%F1%EA%EE%E3%EE+%FF%E7%FB%EA%E0+\|author=Sergei Starostin}}</ref> Other linguists, most notably [[Alexander Vovin]], argue, however, that the similarities are not due to any genetic relationship, but rather to a ''[[sprachbund]]'' effect and heavy borrowing especially from ancient Korean into Western Old Japanese.<ref>Vovin 2008</ref> A good example might be Middle Korean ''sàm'' and Japanese ''asa'' ‘hemp’.<ref>Whitman 1985: 232, also found in Martin 1966: 233</ref> This word seems to be cognate, but while it is well-attested in Western Old Japanese and Northern Ryūkyū, in Eastern Old Japanese it only occurs in compounds, and it is only present in three subdialects of the South-Ryūkyūan dialect group. Then, the doublet ''wo'' ‘hemp’ is attested in Western Old Japanese and Southern Ryūkyū. It is thus plausible to assume a borrowed term.<ref>Vovin 2008: 211-212</ref> See [[East Asian languages#Morphology\|East Asian languages]] for morphological features shared among languages of the East Asian ''sprachbund'', and [[Classification of Japonic]] for further details on the discussion of a possible relationship. ==History== {{Main\|History of the Korean language}} Korean is descended from [[Proto-Korean]], [[Old Korean]], [[Middle Korean]] and [[Modern Korean]]. Controversy remains over the proposed [[Altaic languages\|Altaic]] language family and its inclusion of Proto-Korean. Since the [[Korean War]], contemporary [[Korean language North-South differences\|North-South differences]] in Korean have developed, including variance in pronunciation, verb inflection, and vocabulary. [[Category:North Korea ke bhasa]] [[Category:South Korea ke bhasa]] [[Category:China ke bhasa]] [[Category:Bhasa]] {{Link GA\|de}} [[af:Koreaans]] [[am:ኮሪይኛ]] [[ar:لغة كورية]] [[an:Idioma corián]] [[ast:Coreanu]] [[az:Koreya dili]] [[bn:কোরীয় ভাষা]] [[zh-min-nan:Tiâu-sián-gí]] [[be:Карэйская мова]] [[be-x-old:Карэйская мова]] [[bcl:Koreano]] [[br:Koreaneg]] [[bg:Корейски език]] [[ca:Coreà]] [[cs:Korejština]] [[cy:Corëeg]] [[da:Koreansk (sprog)]] [[de:Koreanische Sprache]] [[dv:ކޮރެޔާ ބަސް]] [[et:Korea keel]] [[es:Idioma coreano]] [[eo:Korea lingvo]] [[eu:Koreera]] [[fa:زبان کره‌ای]] [[fr:Coréen]] [[ga:An Chóiréis]] [[gl:Lingua coreana]] [[gan:朝鮮話]] [[hak:Tsêu-siên-ngî]] [[ko:한국어]] [[hy:Կորեերեն]] [[hsb:Korejšćina]] [[hr:Korejski jezik]] [[io:Koreana linguo]] [[ilo:Korean language]] [[id:Bahasa Korea]] [[iu:ᑯᕆᐊᑎᑐᑦ/kuriatituq]] [[is:Kóreska]] [[it:Lingua coreana]] [[he:קוריאנית]] [[kn:ಕೊರಿಯಾದ ಭಾಷೆ]] [[ka:კორეული ენა]] [[csb:Kòrejańsczi jãzëk]] [[kk:Корей тілі]] [[kw:Koreek]] [[ht:Lang kore]] [[ku:Korêyî]] [[lo:ພາສາເກົາຫຼີ]] [[la:Lingua Coreana]] [[lv:Korejiešu valoda]] [[lt:Korėjiečių kalba]] [[li:Koreaans]] [[hu:Koreai nyelv]] [[mk:Корејски јазик]] [[mi:Reo Kōrea]] [[mr:कोरियन भाषा]] [[ms:Bahasa Korea]] [[ro:Limba coreeană]] [[mn:Солонгос хэл]] [[nah:Coreatlahtōlli]] [[nl:Koreaans]] [[ja:朝鮮語]] [[nap:Lengua coreana]] [[no:Koreansk]] [[nn:Koreansk språk]] [[oc:Corean]] [[mhr:Корей йылме]] [[pnb:کوریائی]] [[km:ភាសាកូរ៉េ]] [[pl:Język koreański]] [[pt:Língua coreana]] [[qu:Kuryu simi]] [[ru:Корейский язык]] [[sah:Кэриэй тыла]] [[sa:कोरियाई भाषा]] [[sco:Korean leid]] [[sq:Gjuha koreane]] [[si:කොරියානු භාෂාව]] [[simple:Korean language]] [[sk:Kórejčina]] [[sl:Korejščina]] [[sr:Корејски језик]] [[sh:Korejski jezik]] [[su:Basa Koréa]] [[fi:Korean kieli]] [[sv:Koreanska]] [[tl:Wikang Koreano]] [[ta:கொரிய மொழி]] [[tt:Корей теле]] [[th:ภาษาเกาหลี]] [[tg:Забони кореягӣ]] [[chr:ᎪᎵᎥ]] [[tr:Korece]] [[tk:Koreý dili]] [[uk:Корейська мова]] [[ug:كورىيەچە]] [[vi:Tiếng Triều Tiên]] [[zh-classical:韓語]] [[war:Kinoreano nga pinulongan]] [[zh-yue:韓文]] [[zh:朝鮮語]]

Korean bhasa: ke revisions ke biich ke antar