Aaj Mangar, 5 Navambar, 2024 hai. Abhi ke time 11:25 hai
1 November
Hibiscus, ek rakam ke fuul waala perr hai jon ki Fiji me sab jagah pe hoe hai. Lag bhag 200 species ke hibuscus hai, lekin Fiji me sab se common hae laal hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) aur ii India se dunia bhar faela hai. Ii biswas karaa jaae hai ki, iske extract ke murr me lagae se baar kamti giri aur rusi bhi kamti hoe jaai. Hibiscus ke ek species South Korea ke national flower aur duusra, Malaysia ke national flower hai. Fiji me Hibiscus ke hedge banae khatir kaam me lawa jaae hai aur Suva me ek carnival ke naam ii fuul ke baad, Hibiscus Festival, rakkha gais hai.
Tagimoucia (pronounced:tahng-ee-mo-thee-ya), (Scientific name: medinilla waterhousei), Fiji ke national fuul hai, jon ki ek faile waala paudha me laal rang ke fuul, jiske biich ujjar hai, ke fuul hai. Iske chapa ke Fiji ke dher postage stamp me rakkha gais hai. Ii fuul ke khali Taveuni ke Mount Uluigalau ke uppar volcanic cratar se banaa talao ke kinare pawa jaae hai. Bahut kosis kare par bhi iske aur koi jagah nai jamawa jae sakaa hai. Kaiviti log batae hai ki ii fuul ek larrki, jon ki fuul ke vine me fas gais rahaa, ke aansu se banaa hai. Iske baare me aur khissa bhi hai lekin Kaviviti me iske naam ke matlab hai: "niind me ro"
Anaar (English: pomegranate), (Scientific name: Punica granatum), ek rakam ke fal de waala patajhaṛī jhaarri, nai to perr, hai jon ki 5 -8 metre lamba hoe sake hai. Ii biswas karaa jaae hai ki anaar Persia aur India se suruu hoe ke Mediterranean me fael gais hai. Span me ek city ke naam (Granada), anaaar ke naam se aais hai
Bulbul, (Scientific name: Pycnonotus jocosus), ek Asia ke chirria hai jiske tropical asia ,jisme India, South-East Asia aur China hai, me pawa jaae hai. Iske New South Wales, Mauritius, Fiji aur Florida me bhi introduce karaa gais hai. Ii chirria fal ke bia ras aur kirwa khae hai.
Taj Mahal, Agra, India, ke Mughal Emperor, Shah Jahan 17th century me aapan aurat, Mumtaz Mahal, ke smaadhi khatir banwais rahaa. Iske banae me 23 saal lagaa aur isme India aur Asia ke sab se achchha material istemaal karaa gais hai. Iske chmke waala ke facade Rajasthan ke marble se banawa gais hai aur isme 28 rakam ke gahana hai.
Bougainvillea (scientific naam: Bougainvillea spectabilis), South America ke ek fuul waala perr hai. Iske perr me kanta hai aur ii ek faile waala perr hai jon ki 1-12 meters lamba rahe hai. Ii perr tropical jagah me sab time green rahe hai. Iske patti, 4-13 cm lamba aur and 2-6 cm chakla rahe hai. Iske fuul chhota rahe hai aur dher rang ke rahe sake hai. Fiji me ii fuul ke sab bagal boya jaae hai aur Ba me ek festival, Bougainvillea Carnival ii fuul ke naam se rakha gais hai.
Medhak (scientific naam: Bufo marinus), South America ke native hai lekin iske Carribean aur Pacific, jisme Fiji aur Australia bhi hai, me ganna ke khet me insect ke khae khatir introduce karaa gais rahaa. Lekin ii janwar bahut native species ke barbaad kar diis hai.
Fiji Crested Iguana (Brachylophus vitiensis), Fiji me dui rakam ke iguana me se ek hai. Duusra iguana hai, Banded iguana (Brachylophus fasciatus). Duuno species iguana ke ek species me se evolve bhain hai jon ki South America se raft me bahe ke Fiji pahucha rahin. Fiji Crested Iguana ke 1979 me pahila dafe, University of the South Pacific ke Dr John Gibbons paais rahaa. Fiji Crested Iguana ke Banded iguana se antar iske male pe tiin patra ujjar band se karaa jaae sake hai jab ki Banded iguana me mota, chakla, blue band rahe hai. Fiji Crested Iguana duusra species se baraa hai, iske pithi me spiny "crest" hai aur ii aapan rang badal ke karia kar le sake hai. Ii iguana ke khali Yadua Taba Island me pawa jaae hai kahe ki huan pe bakrri nai hai jon ki iguana ke rahe waala jagah ke barbaad kar de hai.
Naura (scientific naam: Helogale parvula), ek chhota gos khaae waala janwar hai. Iske English naam, mangoose, Marathi sabd, mangus, se aais hai. Naura, Asia, Africa aur Southern Europe ke native hai, lekin iske Caribbean aur Fiji me introduce karaa gais hai. Naura, kirwa, kekrra, earthworm, bustuina, saamp, murgi aur chuha khaae hai. Naura ke kuchh species jaharila saamp ke bhi maare sake hai
Maina (scientific naam: Acridotheres tristis), South aur East Asia ke native hai, lekin iske North America, Australia New Zealand aur Fiji me introduce karaa gais hai. Maina, ek medium size ke chirriya hai jiske lage tagrra gor aur jon ki sidha line me urre hai. Maina kirwa aur fal khaae hai. Iske pakhna, dark rang ke rahe hai, jaada kar ke brown rang aur ii perr ke gadhaa me rahe hai.
Dalo (scientific naam: Acridotheres tristis), (English: Taro), ek garam des me hoe waala paudha hai jiske jarr aur patti khawa jaae hai. Ii Pacific Island ke des ke khaas khana hai. Ii jab kachchaa rahe tab isme ek rakam ke poison rahe hai jon ki pakaae nai to pani me deri tak dubae se khalaas hoe jaae hai. Ii maana jaae hai ki dalo ke India me 5000 B.C. se bowa jaae hai. Iske North India me 'Arbi' bole hai aur iske pakorra me milaae ke banawa jaae hai aur Fiji ke Hindustani log iske baraa aur rourou me kaam me laae hai.
Kasera (scientific naam: Manihot esculenta), ek rakam ke paudha hai jiske jarr khawa jaae hai aur jon ki South America ke native hai lekin iske abhi sab garam des me bowa jaae hai. Iske aanta ke tapioca bola jaae hai. Iske jarr lamba rahe hai aur 5 - 10 cm ke jaada se jaada diameter aur 50 - 80 cm lamba rahe hai. Iske flesh ujjar nai to piyar rahe hai. Iske jarr me jaada kar ke starch rahe hai lekin iske patti, jiske bhi khawa jaae sake hai(pakae ke baad) me jaada nurients rahe hai. India ke Kerala state me bhaat ke baad kasera duusra sab se jaada khaae waala khaana hai, jahan pe iske boil kar ke koi rakam ke tarkari ke saathe khawa jaae hai. Tamil Nadu aur Kannanda me bhi iske bahut jaada khawa jaae hai.
Nariyal (scientific naam: Cocos nucifera), ek rakam ke palm ke perr hai jon ki sab garam des me hoe hai. Ii perr 30m tak uuncha rahe hai aur iske patti 4-6m lamba rahe hai. Ii perr ke sab bhaag koi na koi kaam me lawa jaae hai. Iske fal ke bhittar waala pani pia jaae hai. Iske gari ke khawa jaae hai lekin jaada kar ke isme se tel nikala jaae hai. Isle nut ke karra bhaag ke piyala (Kaiviti: bilo) banawa jaae hai. Iske firbre ke gadda banawa jaae hai. Iske patti ke bag aur ghar ke chat banae ke kaam me lawa jaae hai aur iske trunk ke bhi ghar banae ke kaam me lawa jaae hai.
Belfut (scientific naam: Artocarpus altilis, English: breadfruit, Kaiviti: uto, Hindi: विलायती फल), ek rakam ke fal de waala perr hai jon ki sab garam des me hoe hai. Ii perr 20 m tak uuncha rahe hai. Ii perr ke male aur female fuul ekke perr me rahe hai. Perr ke daali kate se usme se ek rakam de dudh nikle hai. Ek perr me 200 tak fal ek saal me hoe sake hai. Iske pakka fal ke bina pakaae ke khawa jaae sake hai lekin kachchaa fal ke jaada kar ke boil kar ke khawa jaae hai. Fiji ke Hindustani log iske tarkari bhi banae hai.
Aam (scientific naam: Mangifera indica), ek rakam ke fal de waala perr hai jon ki sab garam des me hoe hai. Ii perr 35-40 m tak uuncha rahe hai. Aam ke dher rakam ke variety rahe hai. Iske fal ke pakka khawa jaae hai lekin kachha fal ke achaar, kuchla aur chutney banawa jaae hai. Ii fal India ke native hai aur sab se jaada iske kheti India me karaa jaae hai.
Keraa (scientific naam: Musa acuminata), ek rakam ke fal de waala perr hai jon ki sab garam des me hoe hai. Iske perr 2-8 m tak uuncha rahe hai aur iske patti 3.5 m tak lamba rahe hai. Keraa ghaud me fare hai. Ek keraa 125g tak garrhu rahe hai aur isme 75% paani rahe hai. Pakka keraa ke bina pakae ke khawa jaae hai lekin kachcha keraa ke pakaae ke khawa jaae hai. Keraa ke stem aur patti bhi bahut kaam me aawe hai.
Imli (scientific naam: Tamarindus indica), ek rakam ke fal de waala perr hai jon ki sab garam des me hoe hai. Iske perr 20 m tak uuncha rahe hai aur ii saal bhar hariyar rahe hai. Ii perr Africa ke native hai aur hian se India, aur India se sab garam des me fael gais hai. Hindustani log imli ke jaada kar ke chutney banae hai aur iske juice nikal ke iske tarkari me chhorre hai.
Kamrakh (scientific naam: Averrhoa carambola, English: carambola, starfruit ), ek rakam ke fal de waala perr hai jon ki Sri Lanka aur India ke native hai aur jiske Indonesia me bhi bowa jaae hai. Iske perr 32 feet (10 meters) tak uuncha hoe sake hai. Isme dher patti aur daal rahe hai. Iske patti compound hai aur iske fuul pink rahe hai. Iske fal me paanch section rahe hai aur jab iske kaata jaae hai tab iske section tara (star) ke rakam rahe hai, jiske kaaran iske English me starfruit bola jaae hai.
Ganna (scientific naam: Saccharum officinarum), ek rakam ke grass palwaar ke perr hai jisme me chini nikala jaae hai. Ii garam des me hoe hai aur iske perr 2 - 6 m uuncha rahe hai. Iske abhi 200 se jaada des me boya jaae hai jisme se Brazil me sab se jaada ganna boya jaae hai. India duusra sthan me hai. Ganna ke kheti India me se suruu hoe ke Arab logan Europe take fialain. Baad me iske Europe ke colony me bhi boya jaae laga. Ganna ke kheti ke kaaran Hindustani log ke dunia ke bahut se des me lae jawa gais rahaa. Ganaa se rum, molasses, ethanol aur cardboard bhi bane hai. Ganna ke juice ke bhi piya jaae hai.
Dhaan (scientific naam: Oryza sativa), ek rakam ke grass palwaar ke perr hai jisme me chaaur nikala jaae hai. Ii garam des me hoe hai aur iske perr 1 - 2 m uuncha rahe hai. Ii Asia me sab se jaada boe waala paudha hai. China me iske sab se jaada boya jaae hai. India, duusra position me hai. Aaj kal dhaan dunia bhar me, khali ekdam thanda des chorr ke, sab des me boya jaae hai.
Makai (scientific naam: Zea mays), ek rakam ke perr hai jike Hindustani log piis ke aanta banae hai. Ii garam des me hoe hai aur iske perr 2.5 m tak uuncha rahe hai. Ii South America me suruu bhais hai lekin abhi dunia bhar me fael gais hai. Isse ethanol bhi banawa jaae hai. Kaiviti log iske jaada kar ke boil kar ke khaae hai.
Arhar (scientific naam: Cajanus cajan, syn. Cajanus indicus) (English: pigeon pea), ek rakam ke perr hai jiske fal ke Hindustani log dhaal banaae hai. Iske duusra bhasa me naam hai: Hindi/Bengali: arhar, Gujarati/Marathi: toor, Tamil: toovaram paruppu, Malayalam: toovara paruppu. Ii garam des me hoe hai aur iske perr 3 m tak uuncha rahe hai. Iske boil kar ke bi khawa jaae hai.
Borraa (scientific naam: Vigna unguiculata) (English: cowpea), ek faile waala bean ke paudha hai jiske Fiji ke Hindustani log jaada kar ke tarkari banaae hai.
Peanut (scientific naam: Arachis hypogaea) , ek faile waala bean ke paudha hai jiske Fiji ke Hindustani log jaada kar ke tarkari banae hai. Iske nut jamin ke niche rahe hai. Iske bhuj ke nai to boil kar ke bhi kawa jaae hai. Isme se tel bhi nikala jaae hai.
Narongi (scientific naam: Citrus reticulata) ke fal nabbu ke rakam hai. Narongi ke sidhe khawa jaae hai. Iske garam mausam waala des aur thora thanda des me bhi bowa jaae hai. Iske perr jhuura sahe le hai lekin iske fal bahut haali se thanda me kharaab hoe jaae hai.
Amrud (scientific naam: Psidium guajava) ek rakam ke fal hai jon ki Mexico, Central America, Northern South America, Caribbean aur North Africa ke native hai lekin iske aaj kal sab garam des me boya jaae hai. 100 se jaada rakam ke amrud rahe hai. Isse jam bane hai lekin iske jaada kar ke sidha khawa jaae hai jab ii pak jjae hai tab.
Kathar (scientific naam: Artocarpus heterophyllus) ke perr South aur South East Asia ke native hai. Iske fal sab se barraa fal hai jon ki perr me hoe hai. Iske diameter 25cm (10 inches) se jaada, aur 336 kilogram (80lbs) se jaada garrhu rahe hai. Iske kachchaa fal ke Hindustani log tarkari banaae hai lekin pakka fal ke sidha khawa jaae hai.
Bhindi (scientific naam: Abelmoschus esculentus) ek rakam ke lamba fruit rahe hai jiske Hindustani log tarkari banaae hai. Iske perr 2 meter tak uuncha rahe hai, patti 10–20 cm lamba aur chakla, fuul 4–8 cm diameter ke, jon ki ujjar aur piyar rahe hai. Iske fruit capsule ke rakam 18cm tak lamba rahe hai aur isme dher bia rahe hai.
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