Consonants
|
IPA |
Hindi |
Urdu |
English equivalent
|
b
|
ब |
ب |
abash
|
bʱ
|
भ |
بھ |
abhor
|
d̪ [1]
|
द |
د |
ado (closer to French d)
|
d̪ʱ [1]
|
ध |
دھ |
adhere
|
ɖ [1]
|
ड |
ڈ |
guard
|
ɖʱ [1]
|
ढ |
ڈھ |
guardhouse
|
dʒ
|
ज |
ج |
hedge
|
dʒʱ
|
झ |
جھ |
hedgehog
|
f
|
फ़ |
ف |
food
|
ɡ
|
ग |
گ |
agate
|
ɡʱ
|
घ |
گھ |
pigheaded
|
h
|
ः |
ح |
head (final only)
|
ɦ
|
ह |
ahead
|
j
|
य |
ي |
yak
|
k
|
क |
ک |
scan
|
kʰ
|
ख |
کھ |
can
|
l
|
ल |
ل |
leaf
|
m
|
म |
م |
much
|
n
|
न |
ن |
not
|
ɳ
|
ण |
ڻ |
burner (Sanskrit; often [n])
|
ŋ
|
ं |
- |
bank
|
p
|
प |
پ |
span
|
pʰ
|
फ |
پھ |
pan (often allophonic with [f] in Hindi)
|
q
|
क़ |
ق |
a k in the throat (Urdu; often [k] in Hindi)
|
r
|
र |
ر |
trilled r
|
ɽ
|
ड़ |
ڑ |
US: larder
|
ɽʱ
|
ढ़ |
ڑھ |
as [ɽ] plus h
|
s
|
स |
س |
sue
|
ʂ
|
ष |
– |
worship (Sanskrit; often [ʃ])
|
ʃ
|
श |
ش |
shoe
|
t̪ [1]
|
त |
ت |
stable (closer to French t)
|
t̪ʰ [1]
|
थ |
تھ |
table
|
ʈ [1]
|
ट |
ٹ |
art
|
ʈʰ [1]
|
ठ |
ٹھ |
art-historian
|
tʃ
|
च |
چ |
catch
|
tʃʰ
|
छ |
چھ |
choose
|
ʋ[2]
|
व |
و |
varies between w and v
|
x
|
ख़ |
خ |
Bach (Urdu; often [kʰ] in Hindi)
|
ɣ
|
ग़ |
غ |
like a French r (Urdu; often [ɡ] in Hindi)
|
z
|
ज़ |
ز |
zen
|
ʒ
|
झ़ |
ژ |
pleasure
|
|
Vowels
|
IPA |
Hindi |
Urdu |
English equivalent
|
aː
|
आ, पा |
آ, با |
Spanish or French a to English bra
|
eː
|
ए, पे |
ے |
between yell and Yale
|
ɛː
|
ऐ, पै |
yell
|
ə
|
अ, प |
بَ |
nut
|
iː [3]
|
ई, पी |
ی |
feet
|
ɪ [3]
|
इ, पि |
بِ |
dill
|
oː
|
ओ, पो |
و |
old
|
ɔː
|
औ, पौ |
law
|
uː [3]
|
ऊ, पू |
loot
|
ʊ [3]
|
उ, पु |
بُ |
look
|
̃
|
ँ |
ں |
nasal vowel ([ãː], [õː], etc.)
|
Suprasegmentals
|
IPA |
|
ˈ
|
stress (placed before stressed syllable)
|
ː
|
doubled consonant
|
|